Tag Archives: ip

Sshguard, PF and FreeBSD

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We recently had a problem with sshguard. Some IP that were blocked were still able to send packets through because the associated states were not killed properly with pfctl -k $ip. We used an older version until then, so I just did an upgrade to the latest port.

From this point however sshguard did not block anything anymore. In fact it didn’t recognize the correct backend to use to block those IP. Not sure if we always have to specify it manually in the configuration or if there is some kind of broken-autodetect. But you can force the backend inside the configuration file in /usr/local/etc/sshguard.conf (see /usr/local/etc/sshguard.conf.sample):

BACKEND="/usr/local/libexec/sshg-fw-pf"

IPs ban on Linux

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Ban Hammer

Who needs a quick ban?

Today we had a bruteforce attack on our nginx server. Well cannot say he was anywhere near successful though, the guy did POST /wp-login.php several times per second and all he got as an answer was 404. Fat chance…

But still, he had our access logs growing far larger than they usually do. So I tried to ban him. Unfortunately nginx does not use TCP wrappers by default (you can use ngx_tcpwrappers although it will have to be rebuilt from source).

So I made a little script, called ban-hammer to temporarily ban IPs using IPTables. There is also a cron.daily script to unban IPs each day. The script requires rpnc, but it is easy to adapt without it.

These scripts add and remove the IPs into a special IPT chain (which you can configure in the script). So you also have to configure your firewall to jump to the two chains and load banned IPs on boot:

echo "Bans"

load_bans() {
  ban_table=$1
  ban_chain=$2
  iptables=$3

  $iptables -N $ban_chain

  while read ban
  do
    ip=$(echo "$ban" | cut -d'=' -f 1)
    $iptables -A $ban_chain -s "$ip" -j DROP
  done < "$ban_table"

  $iptables -A INPUT -j $ban_chain
}

load_bans /etc/firewall/ip4.ban IP4BAN iptables
load_bans /etc/firewall/ip6.ban IP6BAN ip6tables

Source based routing

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My two home servers are down for the moment. This also means that our two IPv6 SixXS tunnels are down which costs us 100 ISK per week. Argh! I need to get these up and running as soon as possible. Fortunately we have another VPS on Linux that can save us. So we just have to enable the two tunnels there and make sure that we can ping to/from both interfaces.

Setting up the two tunnels is easy. Use one configuration file per tunnel. Ensure that you change the parameters “tunnel_id” to the tunnel associated to this configuration file, one “pidfile” and “ipv6_interface” for each tunnel and “defaultroute” to false because we already have a default IPv6 route. Now you can start/stop each tunnel with:

aiccu start /etc/aiccu/tunnel0.conf
aiccu start /etc/aiccu/tunnel1.conf

aiccu stop  /etc/aiccu/tunnel0.conf
aiccu stop  /etc/aiccu/tunnel1.conf

Don’t forget to hack /etc/init.d/aiccu to start/stop both tunnel on each reboot. OK! So now ifconfig list the two interfaces, up and running sixxs0 and sixxs1. This is great but wait… Nobody outside can ping these interfaces. The tunnel must ping to be considered active by SixXS so we better get this running.

For now we have these three interfaces and IPs (not the actual names/IPs):

  1. net0 (2001::1) default
  2. sixxs0 (2a02::1)
  3. sixxs1 (2a02::2)

By default, all our IPv6 traffic goes through net0. However and unsurprisingly our ISP filters the traffic at the output of net0. So we cannot use this interface to answer the echo-requests. Actually, what we want is that traffic originating 2a02::1 goes through sixxs0 and from 2a02::2 goes through sixxs1. That is, one default route based on the source address.

Linux has long had support for multiple routing tables (CONFIG_IP_MULTIPLE_TABLES). Basically what we will do here:

  • Create two routing tables for each tunnel interface (sixxs0, sixxs1).
  • Each table will have a default route through its interface.
  • Lookup into one of the two tables according to the source IP.

You can find some relevant documentation in Linux Advanced Routing & Traffic Control, Chapter 4.

We first list the actual rules:

# ip rule list
0:  from all lookup local
32766:  from all lookup main
32767:  from all lookup default

We can see that we have three routing tables. One for the local addresses, the normal routing table (what you get with ip -6 route) and the fallback default table.
Let’s first check the local routing table (we are just curious):

# ip -6 route list table local
local ::1 via :: dev lo  proto none  metric 0  mtu 16436 advmss 16376 hoplimit 0
local 2a02::1 via :: dev lo  proto none  metric 0  mtu 16436 advmss 16376 hoplimit 0
local 2001::1 via :: dev lo  proto none  metric 0  mtu 16436 rtt 6ms rttvar 7ms cwnd 10 advmss 16376 hoplimit 0
local 2a02::2 via :: dev lo  proto none  metric 0  mtu 16436 advmss 16376 hoplimit 0
local fe80::1 via :: dev lo  proto none  metric 0  mtu 16436 advmss 16376 hoplimit 0
local fe80::2 via :: dev lo  proto none  metric 0  mtu 16436 advmss 16376 hoplimit 0
ff00::/8 dev net0  metric 256  mtu 1500 advmss 1440 hoplimit 0
ff00::/8 dev sixxs1  metric 256  mtu 1280 advmss 1220 hoplimit 0
ff00::/8 dev sixxs0  metric 256  mtu 1280 advmss 1220 hoplimit 0

So now you know what’s going on when you ping one of your local interfaces. But back to our point. We name our two new routing tables in /etc/iproute2/rt_tables:

# SixXS tables
200 sixxs0
201 sixxs1

Now we add the default route in each of these two tables:

ip -6 route add default dev sixxs0 table sixxs0
ip -6 route add default dev sixxs1 table sixxs1

And finally we use two rules to map the source address to the correct routing table:

# ip -6 rule add from 2a02::1 table sixxs0
# ip -6 rule add from 2a02::2 table sixxs1
# ip -6 rule list
0:  from all lookup local
16383:  from 2a02::1 lookup sixxs0
16383:  from 2a02::2 lookup sixxs1
32766:  from all lookup main
32767:  from all lookup default

It should be OK but let’s check that. We can ping from the sixxs interfaces:

ping6 -c1 -I 2a02::1 www.kame.net
ping6 -c1 -I 2a02::2 www.kame.net

We also check that we can ping our interfaces from another host:

ping6 -c1 2a02::1
ping6 -c1 2a02::2

Everything works, that’s great! Finally we just hack /etc/init.d/aiccu to configure the routing tables on each reboot. Note that you need to sleep a bit when you issue the aiccu start because the daemon needs a bit of time to enable the tunnels. Also note that you must be careful when you test your script (quoting the SixXS FAQ):

“If a client connects more than 4 times in 60 seconds (1 minute) the client will not be allowed to connect again for the next 5 minutes. In case this threshold is exceeded more than once in 24 hours a client will be automatically blocked for a week.”

As you can guess, I have been blocked. Oops!

Conntrack table flood

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Recently we had problems with our gateway, connections were dropped and so on.
After a bit of investigation we found that it was due to a bugged game using Javascript which, when it ran on Firefox, opened connections in a loop flooding the connection tracking table in a matter of hours. Once found, it was easy to fix. This was also the occasion to tighten the timeouts values of nf_conntrack a little bit. Indeed 5 days timeouts for established connection doesn’t really make sense when your public IPv4 change every 36hours or so.